Relationships between Maternal Health Care and Post-Partum Modern Contraceptive Use in Kenya and Zambia

Mai Do, Tulane University
David Hotchkiss, Tulane University

This study examines associations between the use of antenatal (ANC) and post-natal care (PNC) and post-partum modern contraceptives. Data come from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in Kenya (2008-09) and Zambia (2007). Study samples include women who were currently in union and had a live birth within five years before the survey (3,667 in Kenya and 3,587 in Zambia). Tests of exogeneity confirmed that the intensity of ANC and PNC service use and post-partum modern contraceptive practice were not influenced by common unobserved factors. Cox proportional hazard models showed significant associations between the service intensity of ANC and PNC combined, as well as ANC only, and post-partum modern contraceptive use in both countries. No significant associations were observed between PNC service intensity and post-partum FP practice. The study highlights a window of opportunity to promote the use of modern contraceptives after childbirth through ANC service delivery.